An international classification of green and brown occupations

This paper describes the methodology used for crosswalking occupation-based measures of Green (“environmentally friendly”) and Brown (“polluting”) jobs from the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system to the International Standard Occupation Classification (ISCO) 08 at the most detailed (4-digit) level. The original, task-based Greenness scores by Vona et al. (2018) are provided at the 8-digit SOC level, and the industry-based Brownness measures are provided in 6-digit SOC. Crosswalking these measures requires several choices in terms of weighting and aggregating, which this paper describes in detail.

Basic Statistics 2023 presents data for 46 economies in Asia and the Pacific on development indicators tracking progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Safeguarding Financial Stability amid High Inflation and Geopolitical Risks

The Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) provides an assessment of the global financial system and markets, and addresses emerging market financing in a global context.

Developing Asia faces a climate policy crossroads. The region is highly vulnerable to climate change, even as it is an increasing contributor to the global climate crisis. This report models emission pathways based on commitments and pledges under the Paris Agreement and compares them with more optimal routes to net zero. It examines required transformations in the energy sector and land use and assesses socioeconomic implications. The report looks at policy costs, climate benefits, air quality co-benefits, and labor market outcomes, and discusses policies for an efficient and equitable transition.

The investment decisions made by financial institutions play a crucial role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, and yet quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of investments and presenting the results in a transparent and comparable way is no easy task. This publication is a compilation of publicly available sources concerning the methodologies and tools available to guide financial institutions assess, set targets, and disclose GHG emissions.

CGAP has set to demonstrate how business intelligence can be improved through interventions requiring minimum or no investment in technology through a set of pilots. This Technical Note presents an overview of the approach and initial observations on what it reveals for MFIs implementing new digital products and channels. It explains the importance of business intelligence focused on customer behavior, which customer behavior is relevant to measure, and how to build a business intelligence practice that supports this competency.

The reopening of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) will boost regional economic growth through supply chain linkages and demand for goods and services. Growth in the PRC is expected to rebound to 5.0% this year from 3.0% in 2022. Healthy domestic demand in India will also support regional growth: India is forecast to grow by 6.4% in 2023. Growth in the Caucasus and Central Asia, the Pacific, and Southeast Asia will be lifted as tourism recovers. Meanwhile, headline inflation is expected to decelerate from 4.4% in 2022 to 4.2% this year and 3.3% in 2024.

"An increasing number of National Financial Inclusion Strategies are now highlighting the need to promote women’s financial inclusion. However, this new analysis from WBL and CGAP finds that they could do more to promote access to credit for women entrepreneurs, and to enhance the national-level collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated financial data."

Dealing with emerging competition issues in digital markets

Digital markets have raised a number of new competition challenges. Ex-post competition policy appears not to be able to address them in their entirety and with the necessary speed. There is considerable consensus, among academics and policy-makers, that ex-ante regulatory policies are needed to avoid competition being stifled in these markets, with a negative impact on productivity and innovation. As a result, major OECD economies are discussing or have approved regulatory proposals with the aim to foster contestability and fair trade in digital markets.

Geopolitical instability, rapidly maturing and emerging technologies, lack of available talent, and increasing shareholder and regulatory expectations represent some of the significant challenges that concern cyber and business leaders. If the findings of last year’s Global Cybersecurity Outlook reflected the lingering impact of the pandemic, and the effects of rapid digitalization, this year’s Global Cybersecurity Outlook reveals concerns about an increasingly fragmented and unpredictable world.

Not out of the woods yet

"Output in the EBRD regions is estimated to have grown by 3.2 per cent year-on-year in January-September 2022 (and around 2.4 per cent in the year as a whole), slower than in 2021 as the war on Ukraine took its toll and the post-Covid recovery has mostly run out of steam (in 2020, the region’s output contracted by 2.4 per cent).

Output in the EBRD regions is expected to grow by 2.1 per cent in 2023 as high gas prices and persistent inflation weigh on the economic outlook.

"Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and mid-sized companies represent 90% of all companies and are responsible for close to 70% of jobs and GDP globally, and yet, as a result of their smaller size, they are often the most affected by economic shocks and turbulence.
This report, written in collaboration with the National University of Singapore, sheds light on how SMEs and mid-sized companies can develop strategies and pathways to increase their future readiness. The report recommends a three-pillared approach, which allows SMEs and mid-sized companies to increase their resilience while exploiting their natural agility as a competitive advantage in times of uncertainty.